Thursday, February 2, 2012

The Cops, GPS Devices, and You


After reading a number of posts on here I can agree that without a doubt there are two distinct sides of this issue, the viewpoint of the citizen and the viewpoint of law enforcement.  I’m sure there are any number of individuals who have at one point or another have either stated or heard it said that more and more the laws seem to favor the criminals.  While I agree that this can all too often appear to be the case, it is necessary to insure that every individual who is charged with any criminal activity be afforded all the rights they are entitled to under the constitution and the due process of law.  Part of that ‘due process’ is to be ‘safe in the knowledge’ that truth will come out and in the best case scenario this will happen during the investigation prior to an actual arrest.  The primary problem that I personally have with the opinions of the Superior Court Judges is that we live in a highly technical age, technology that is used by both the criminal element as well as law enforcement.  The same information currently obtained from such things as images from toll booths and cell phone use from local towers in proving innocence as well as possible guilt.

The subject of ‘reasonable expectation of privacy’ is at the heart of any issue that involves the activities of law enforcement regardless of the level, be it local police or the FBI.  There is no question that we as Americans place a high value on our privacy, however it is not an actual constitutional right but rather considered to be a basic human right.  The difference being that as a constitutional right it would be something that is guaranteed but as a human right it is simply considered to be something that is taken into consideration.  The constitution refers to or implies a right to privacy in different ways but does not outright proclaim that there is ‘a right to privacy’.  

A simple review reveals that the Constitution does not specifically mention a right to privacy. However, Supreme Court decisions over the years have established that the right to privacy is a basic human right, and as such is protected by virtue of the Ninth Amendment which has essentially become the ‘catch all’ when referencing the ‘so called right to privacy’ in determining the validity of evidence.  The legal definition of this amendment simply states, “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.” So what does that mean?  Only that the right to privacy is something that is ‘understood’ but not ‘guaranteed’

The right to privacy has come to the public's attention via several controversial Supreme Court rulings, including several dealing with contraception (the Griswold and Eisenstadt cases), interracial marriage (the Loving case), and abortion (the well-known Roe v Wade case). In addition, it is said that a right to privacy is inherent in many of the amendments in the Bill of Rights, such as the Third Amendment which basically requires that in a ‘time of peace, no soldier shall be quartered in any house without the consent of the homeowner, nor in a time of war except as prescribed by law’ and by the Fourth Amendment which basically infers to ‘the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.’

While there are many that also consider the Fifth Amendment as being supportive of the ‘right to privacy’ simply provides that no person shall be forced to provide information that can or will result in self-incrimination.  It makes no reference to a blanket statement or inference to the right to privacy as it has been prescribed by the viewpoint of the majority of Americans.

So what point am I trying to make with all of this?  While I would love to say that it is simple, it is in reality the furthest thing from simple.  As a criminal justice student as well as an individual who has just over two decades of working in some capacity with both law enforcement and the judiciary system itself, I have a different understanding of how things work.

It is an analogy that I am not exactly content with yet is the most applicable based on both experience and academic challenges.  Our judicial system is based on an arbitrary system whether we like it or not.  Essentially because we all know for a fact that every person, indigent or otherwise is guaranteed by the constitution the right to counsel if they have been arrested and charged with a crime.  We have the right to know what we are being charged with and to face the accuser whether it be the victim or the courts as a representative of that victim.

In the real world there is a process called pretrial motions where defense attorney’s will submit arguments to have sometimes mountains for evidence suppressed [meaning the jury will not know about it until afterwards] because it will prejudice the jury against the defendant.  While there are instances where I agree with this process for the very reasons that are being proposed by the defense attorney, there are also far too many cases where jury members have stated later that had they known about a specific piece of evidence their decision would have been different.

I do not in any manner support the indiscriminate use of any device or technology that invades the privacy of any individual for purposes other than to support already substantiated probable cause as determined by the ruling of a magistrate or a grand jury.  I believe that all actions of this nature should be addressed before a magistrate in the process of the procurement of a legal warrant prior to the use of any device or technology that would be intrusive to the privacy of any individual.  I believe that those who are seeking permissions for any actions that are required to be approved by a search warrant or should have enough evidence at the time of the request to prove to any reasonable prudent individual that they are merely seeking additional information in order to substantiate what they can already prove in a court of law.

In supporting these issues I wholeheartedly admit that while I believe that the vast majority of those who comprise our nations law enforcement do so because they believe in the system and that they sincerely want to ‘make a difference’ so to speak, I also acknowledge that there are those who do not and are careless in their discretion.

The need to compile certain types of evidence is based entirely on the need to be able to convince a jury that the defendant in a case is either innocent or guilty.  The evidence provided to these people are the tools that they will use once they go behind those closed doors to discuss and arbitrate their personal viewpoints on the matter at hand.  I for one do not support the hampering of that decision by restricting what information can or will be made available to them.  It is simply that I believe that the best decision is a well informed decision.

All of this simply boils down to the fact the greater majority of those individuals called upon to be a jurist have a limited knowledge of the law.  Therefore these individuals not only want but they demand that they be provided with not just 'enough' information or evidence but the 'kind or type' of evidence that will allow them to make their decision and walk away with the feeling and belief that they made the right decision, not just the right decision based on the information provided.


Read the Article at HuffingtonPost

1 comment:

  1. Based entirely on several comments from friends and other individuals, the issue of the ‘right to privacy’ can be compared to the idea that nobody likes the idea of living their life in a fish bowl. I completely agree with that sentiment and do so without any reservations. I am thankful that I live in a country where I am not living under the constant threat that there will be some form of gestapo style entry into my home because somebody that I pissed off said something about me that implicated me in some unlawful act.

    My commentary concerning this particular article is primarily due to the wide spread belief that the right to privacy is a constitutional right. I personally feel that there are too many individuals who are so concerned with this issue that they are widening the philosophical area of exactly what constitutes an invasion of their privacy.

    Yes I believe that every man [woman’s] house is their castle and should not be subjected to any form of search whether physical or through the use of technology without convincing probable cause that I have committed an unlawful act. I believe that this particular ideology extends to any area that is considered to be the personal [real estate] property of any person, to include vehicles whether it is a car/truck or even a recreational vehicle. I also believe that this includes my briefcase and file cabinet at work child’s purse or backpack at school without exception.

    Yet at the same time I think about the various crimes that are committed throughout this country on a daily basis that are enabled through the use of various forms of technology. The general population has been for the most part against allowing officials to put up various types of cameras in areas that can in no manner of consideration be viewed as private.

    Instances that come to my mind are when criminals rob a bank. If there had been cameras located on the outside of the building or provided from other sources such as across the street or down the street, the police would have additional information such as better and more clear information regarding the vehicle used as the getaway car. They would have better information regarding how many if any additional perpetrators were in the vehicle and what direction it went when it left.

    Additional situations are regarding those involving pedophiles. It is a well-known and established fact that the majority of these individuals prowl areas where there are children, schools, playgrounds, parks and other such places. If there were cameras located in strategic areas throughout these areas the authorities would have a better chance at successfully apprehending these individuals and saving the lives of these children.

    I do understand that there are two sides to every issue and that everything can be taken to the extreme no matter what the issue concerns. I just look at it this way, I don’t care who knows that I go to the local grocery store every week on the same day at about the same time and that I pass a public park where children are playing every day. I don’t care that I’m seen several times in those many hours of video if one day, somewhere on that same video it can be seen where a child is abducted.

    I just wish that people would stop and consider all the ramifications of their single mindedness when it comes to certain issues such as what is and isn’t an invasion of privacy.

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